Immunology
Immunology is the study of how the body protects itself against infectious diseases caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi, and also parasitic organisms, such as helminth worms.
Microbiology and Biotechnology
Plant, animal and microbes have been used by humans for nutrition and development of products for consumption such as beer or bread. Understanding of Physical phenomenon has allowed the invention of different types of electronic gadgets, machines, devices and altogether these have been used to increase the efficiency of human activities. Technological advancement has also allowed him to exploit plant, animal and microbial wealth to provide products of commercial or pharmaceutical importance. All these activities (research and development) fall under the big umbrella of biotechnology. In simpler word, Biotechnology is the summation of activities involving technological tools and living organism in such a way that it will enhance the efficiency of the production. The ultimate goal of this field is to improve the product yield from living organism either by employing principles of bio-engineering/bio-process technology or by genetically modifying the organisms.
Animal Physiology
How our body regulates food intake and energy expenditure
Mechanisms of generating hunger and thirst
Hypothalamic centres that regulate food and water intake
Problems caused by excess food intake as well as inadequate energy expenditure
Obesity- Definition, Causes and consequences
Microbiology and Biotechnology
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular, multicellular, or acellular. Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology and parasitology.
Biotechnology is a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products. Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with related scientific fields
Cell And Molecular Biology
Cell and Molecular Biology studies the structure and function of the cell, which is the basic unit of life. Cell biology is concerned with the physiological properties, metabolic processes, signaling pathways, life cycle, chemical composition and interactions of the cell with their environment. This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level as it encompasses prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Knowing the components of cells and how cells work is fundamental to all biological sciences; it is also essential for research in bio-medical fields such as cancer, and other diseases. Research in cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology and cytochemistry
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
Animal physiology is the scientific study of the life-supporting properties, functions and processes of animals or their parts. Animal physiologists strive to understand how animals work at all levels, ranging from individual cells to the whole integrated organism. The discipline covers key topics including respiratory, circulatory, digestive and metabolic, thermoregulatory, osmoregulatory, renal, nervous, musculoskeletal, hormonal, sensory and reproduction.
BIOSYSTEMATICS AND ANIMAL DIVERSITY
Biosystematics “the study of biodiversity and its origins” is an art as much as science. In a broader sense, it is a science through which organisms are discovered, identified, named and classified with their diversity, phylogeny, spatial and geographical distributions. It is a science that provides indispensable information to support many fields of research and beneficial applied programmes. Biosystematics is a synthetic branch which uses the characters and data from many disciplines like morphology, anatomy, cytology, genetics, palynology, embryology, ecology, plant geography, phylogeny, physiology, phytochemistry, evalution and paleobotany. Hence, biosystamatics is an integrative and unifying science.
Cell and Molecular Biology
Cells,and the structures they comprise,are too small to be directly seen, heard,or touched.In spite of this tremendous handicap,cells are the subject of hundreds of thousands of publications each year,with virtually every aspect of their minuscule structure coming under scrutiny.In many ways,the study of cell and molecular biology stands as a tribute to human curiosity for seeking to discover,and to human creative intelligence for devising the complex instruments and elaborate techniques by which these discoveries can be made.This is not to imply that cell and molecular biologists have a monopoly on these noble traits. . The particular subject helps to generate an appreciation in students for the activities in which the giant molecules and minuscule structures that inhabit the cellular world of life are engaged. It is also meant to provide the student with an insight into the types of questions that cell and molecular biologists ask and the experimental approaches they use to seek answers
Genetics and Bioinformatics
Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation and heredity in organisms. Though heredity had been observed for millennia, Gregor Mendel a scientist and Augustinian friar working in the 19th century, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.
Microbiology and Biotechnology
Microbiology is a broad science encompassing the study of bacteria, algae, protozoa, fungi, and viruses in terms of their ecology, biochemistry, physiology, genetics, and role in disease processes. Of particular interest is the use of microbes in industrial applications for the production of foods and natural products, as well as their rapidly expanding role in biotechnology and genetic engineering studies. Microbiology overlaps with many other degree areas of biology, such as genetics, molecular biology, and immunology. Microbiology-related careers are, therefore, found in a diverse range of employment sectors.
The interdisciplinary nature of biotechnology flags involves many fundamental research fields from cell biology to molecular biology, from biochemistry to biophysics, from genetic engineering to stem cell research, from bioinformatics to genomics-proteomics, from environmental biology and to biodiversity, from microbiology to bioprocess engineering, from bioremediation to In silco drug discovery and so on. The proposed credit-based curriculum and grading system will even add much more to the existing interdisciplinary nature of biotechnology and will also offer many courses to the other branches of life science. The generative power of biological data is effectively harnessed by biotechnology like no other field. The relevance and application of these studies on living organisms and their bioprocesses is extensively covered in this field with the help of technology.
Environmental Science- Concepts and Approaches
The earth is facing unprecedented human-induced pressures that threaten the functioning of our ecosystems. Environmental Science attempts to explain how life on Earth is sustained, what contributes to our many environmental problems, and how these problems can be solved. This course introduces students to a number of the basic multidisciplinary concepts which are fundamental to understanding the interrelationships between humans and the earth. Students are also exposed to the concepts of natural environmental systems, physical and social causes of environmental problems, and strategies to mitigate or manage these issues.
Immunology
Immunology is the study of the immune system and is a very important branch of the medical and biological sciences. The immune system protects us from infection through various lines of defence. If the immune system is not functioning as it should, it can result in disease, such as autoimmunity, allergy and cancer. It is also now becoming clear that immune responses contribute to the development of many common disorders not traditionally viewed as immunologic, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s.
Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, rheumatology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology.
Cell and Molecular Biology
Cell and Molecular Biology is an interdisciplinary field of science that deals with the fields of chemistry, structure and biology as it seeks to understand life and cellular processes at the molecular level. The study of cell and molecular biology is fundamental to learning about how all living organisms develop, survive and evolve.
Rapid advances in biology have had a major impact on our society. From the production of new drugs, to revolutionary advances in our understanding of how cells work, the areas of cell and molecular biology have contributed to our lives in a number of ways. Training in these areas is essential for careers in medicine, pharmacology, biochemistry, virology, immunology, developmental biology, and in a number of the high-tech industries. From agriculture to the space program, fundamental information from these areas has had enormous impact on the changes that have occurred in our generation.