Animal Diversity - Chordata
The class Mammalia is worldwide in distribution. It has been said that mammals have a wider distribution and are more adaptable than any other single class of animals, with the exception of certain less-complex forms such as arachnids and insects. This versatility in exploiting Earth is attributed in large part to the ability of mammals to regulate their body temperatures and internal environment both in excessive heat and aridity and in severe cold.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
The physiology of today is the medicine of tomorrow.” Ernest H. Starling, Physiologist (1926)
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical function of humans, and serves as the foundation of modern medicine. As a discipline, it connects science, medicine, and health, and creates a framework for understanding how the human body adapts to stresses, physical activity, and disease. Human physiology is closely related to anatomy, in that anatomy is the study of form, physiology is the study of function, and there is an intrinsic link between form and function. The study of human physiology integrates knowledge across many levels, including biochemistry, cell physiology, organ systems, and the body as a whole.
Cell biology and Molecular biology
Cell and molecular biology is an interdisciplinary field of science that deals with the fields of chemistry, structure and biology as it seeks to understand life and cellular processes at the molecular level. Molecular cell Biology mainly focuses on the determination of cell fate and differentiation, growth regulation of cell, Cell adhesion and movement, Intracellular trafficking. The relationship of signalling to cellular growth and death, transcriptional regulation, mitosis, cellular differentiation and organogenesis, cell adhesion, motility and chemotaxis are more complex topics under Cellular and Molecular Biology. Molecular biology explores cells, their characteristics, parts, and chemical processes, and pays special attention to how molecules control a cell’s activities and growth. The molecular components make up biochemical pathways that provide the cells with energy, facilitate processing “messages” from outside the cell itself, generate new proteins, and replicate the cellular DNA genome. To understand the behaviour of cells, it is important to add to the molecular level of description an understanding on the level of systems biology.
Cell and Molecular Biology
Cell and Molecular Biology course is intended for the students interested in understanding and appreciating common biological topics in the study of the smallest units within biology: molecules and cells.
Cell and Molecular biology is a dynamic field. There are thousands of opportunities within the medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial fields (just to name a few) for a person with a concentrated knowledge of molecular and cellular processes. This course will give you a general introduction of these topics. In addition to preparing for a diversity of career paths, an understanding of cell and molecular biology will help you make sound decisions in your everyday life that can positively impact your diet and health.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical function of humans, and serves as the foundation of modern medicine. As a discipline, it connects science, medicine, and health, and creates a framework for understanding how the human body adapts to stresses, physical activity, and disease. Human physiology is closely related to anatomy, in that anatomy is the study of form, physiology is the study of function, and there is an intrinsic link between form and function. The study of human physiology integrates knowledge across many levels, including biochemistry, cell physiology, organ systems, and the body as a whole.
Human Genetics Nutrition Community Health And Sanitation
Human genetics is the study of the human genome and how genes are transmitted through generations. The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), each containing genes that code for proteins within the cell.
Access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene services is a fundamental element of healthy
communities and has an important positive impact on
nutrition.
Biochemistry, Human Physiology And Endocrinology
Biochemistry developed as an off shoot of organic chemistry and was often referred to as ‘physiological chemistry’. The study of biochemistry is essential to understand the basic functions of the body. It gives the information regarding the chemical constituents of our body cells and tissues. Besides, it also provides the knowledge of chemistry of physiological functions on an organ at cellular or molecular level. To understand digestion and assimilation of food consumed, metabolic reactions in the body and their interrelationship, pathological condition, immunity and function of genes, biochemistry is essential. It aids in demarcation of normal and abnormal constituents of body in detecting unhealthy or diseased condition.
Physiology is the study of functions, their mechanisms and regulations in all living organisms such as bacteria, plants and animals. Human physiology includes the functions of various cells, organs and organ systems of human body. It encompasses the integration and control of organ systems that help to carry out smooth working of all body systems as a single unit.
BIOCHEMISTRY, HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Human physiology is the science of the functioning of human organs and the cells that compose them. Human physiology studies the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions that determine the health of an individual
Human Physiology
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical function of humans, and serves as the foundation of modern medicine. As a discipline, it connects science, medicine, and health, and creates a framework for understanding how the human body adapts to stresses, physical activity, and disease.
According to the classes of organisms, the field can be divided into medical physiology, animal physiology, plant physiology, cell physiology, and comparative physiology. Central to physiological functioning are biophysical and biochemical processes, homeostatic control mechanisms, and communication between cells.
Physiology is an experimental scientific discipline and is of central importance
in medicine and related health sciences. It provides a thorough
understanding of normal body function, enabling more effective treatment
of abnormal or disease states. We use innovative teaching methods to
enhance our teaching.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical function of humans, and serves as the foundation of modern medicine. As a discipline, it connects science, medicine, and health, and creates a framework for understanding how the human body adapts to stresses, physical activity, and disease. Human physiology is closely related to anatomy, in that anatomy is the study of form, physiology is the study of function, and there is an intrinsic link between form and function. The study of human physiology integrates knowledge across many levels, including biochemistry, cell physiology, organ systems, and the body as a whole.
Phylum Chordata
Recognize animals belonging to the Phylum Chordata
Learn the fundamental characteristics by which an animal is considered as a Chordate
Learn the otline classification of Phylum Chordata
HUMAN GENETICS, NUTRITION, COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SANITATION
Health (WHO) as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” This definition should serve as a reminder that redefining the view of environmental health and the natural environment requires many shifts in thinking, as well as a willingness to pursue a diversity of approaches. Advances in the field of environmental health have taught us much about human health hazards; for example, air pollution can cause respiratory disease, heavy metals can cause neurotoxicity, global climate change is likely to fuel the spread of infectious diseases. Domestically, the response has been to clean up the environment and environmental health issues traditionally have been addressed at the international level within the context of such issues as ozone depletion, climate change, and biodiversity. This course offers how climatic changes and associated environmental and social changes are likely to affect human population health an also recognizes that the foundations of longterm good health lie in the continued stability and functioning of the biosphere’s natural systems—often referred to as “lifesupport systems.”
EVOLUTION, ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND ETHOLOGY
To understand the
changes in flora and fauna that have occurred over millions
of years on earth, we must have an understanding of the
context of origin of life, i.e., evolution of earth, of stars and
indeed of the universe itself. What follows is the longest of
all the construed and conjectured stories. This is the story
of origin of life and evolution of life forms or biodiversity on
planet earth in the context of evolution of earth and against
the background of evolution of universe itself. The subject evolution is outstandingly the most important theory in biology, and it is
always a pleasure to be a member, facing in either direction, of the class that is fortunate
enough to be studying it. No other idea in biology is so powerful scientifically, or so
stimulating intellectually. Evolution can add an extra dimension of interest to the most
appealing sides of natural history.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical function of humans, and serves as the foundation of modern medicine. As a discipline, it connects science, medicine, and health, and creates a framework for understanding how the human body adapts to stresses, physical activity, and disease. At the undergraduate level, the majority of our students aspire to be professionals in health-science fields such as medicine, physical therapy, occupational therapy, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, education, and research. The subject provides a rigorous but flexible undergraduate curriculum and an engaging learning environment to help our students reach their goals. The value of a degree in human physiology is that it prepares students to be critical thinkers who can come to independent rational conclusions regarding their own personal health and who can use the guiding principles of scientific thinking and inquiry as a model for understanding the world around them
Animal Diversity - Non Chordata I
Zoology, a branch of life science with its roots in the prehistoric time, deals with all the biological aspects of the animals. the subject reduces the apparent complexity of the animal life into the simple fundamental ideas, to discover facts and relationships among them. Zoology, including the invertebrate and vertebrate zoology has become a dynamic and increasingly important subject with the fascinating and important new insights into the various aspects of animal's life. Although Diversity in animals is vast, similarity among animals is common. Here covers a wide range of animals from the microscopic protozoa in lower non chordates
21U2CPZ002 Animal Diversity - Chordata
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND TOXICOLOGY
Pollution toxicology, otherwise called entox, is a multidisciplinary field of science concerned with the investigation of the destructive impacts of different substance, organic and physical specialists on living life forms. Pesticides are a major source of environmental toxicity. These chemically synthesized agents have been known to persist in the environment long after their administration.
Evolution, Zoogeography and Ethology
“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” Dobzhansky.
Evolution is the process of heritable change in populations of organisms over multiple generations. Evolutionary biology is the study of this process, which can occur through mechanisms including natural selection, sexual selection and genetic drift.
Understanding evolution helps us solve biological problems that impact our lives. There are excellent examples of this in the field of medicine. To stay one step ahead of pathogenic diseases, researchers must understand the evolutionary patterns of disease-causing organisms. To control hereditary diseases in people, researchers study the evolutionary histories of the disease-causing genes. In these ways, a knowledge of evolution can improve the quality of human life.
Zoogeography, the branch of the science of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of animal species. In addition to mapping the present distribution of species, zoogeographers formulate theories to explain the distribution, based on information about geography, physiography, climate, and geologic history, as well as knowledge of the evolutionary history and relationships of the animals involved.
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. The behaviour of animals is fundamental to whether individuals will survive and reproduce and studying their behaviour is therefore essential to fully understand evolution. Studies on human behaviour is also included in ethology, and the application of such knowledge provides a natural scientific perspective and understanding of human behaviour.
Environmental Biology
The interdisciplinary field of environmental biology focuses on the relationships among plants, animals and their surroundings, including their responses to environmental stimuli. Environmental biology is closely linked to and often coupled with evolutionary biology, since both involve an exploration of how organisms adapt to changing conditions. Career opportunities for students of environmental biology can vary widely in purpose, responsibilities and required level of education. Career possibilities include areas such as conservation, public health, environmental consulting, public policy and science education.
Disaster management can be defined as the discipline of avoiding and dealing with risks. In other words, disaster management is a set of processes designed to be implemented before, during, and after disasters to prevent or mitigate their effects. This discipline involves preparing for disasters, responding to them, and finally supporting and rebuilding the society after initial disaster relief operations have ended.